Adoption Of Emerging Computer Technologies And TheirImpact On Business Operations In India
Keywords:
Technology adoption, Emerging technologies, Business operations, India, Meta-analysis, TOE framework, Digital transformationAbstract
The accelerating diffusion of emerging computer technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain is reshaping how Indian enterprises organise, deliver, and govern their operations. A growing body of empirical studies and several quantitative syntheses have examined why firms adopt these technologies and what performance outcomes follow, yet findings remain dispersed across technologies, sectors, and theoretical lenses. This paper presents a review of past work, with particular attention to prior meta-analytic evidence, on the adoption of emerging computer technologies and their impact on business operations in India. Following a protocol-driven narrative synthesis inspired by systematic review and meta-analytic guidelines, the study organises earlier research around the technology–organisation–environment (TOE) perspective, classical acceptance and diffusion theories, and operational outcomes such as efficiency, quality, agility, and customer responsiveness. The survey indicates that relative advantage, top-management support, digital skills, financial capacity, and supportive public digital infrastructure are consistent enablers, whereas skill shortages, security concerns, legacy systems, and cost pressures on small and medium enterprises are recurring barriers. Evidence of operational benefit is strongest for cloud computing and analytics, promising but uneven for AI and IoT, and still limited for blockchain. The critical analysis highlights methodological weaknesses, including cross-sectional designs, self-reported performance, small samples, and limited comparability of constructs, which constrain the strength and generalisability of pooled conclusions. The paper closes by proposing a research agenda that emphasises longitudinal designs, standardised measurement, and sector-specific meta-analyses in the Indian context, together with practical guidance for managers and policymakers.
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